1.1 - Fundamental of Computer Systems.

1.1.1 - Introduction to Computer.

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• A) To store data
• B) To play music
• C) To perform calculations and operations
• D) To make decisions

• A) Continuous values
• B) Distinct values, such as 0s and 1s
• C) Floating-point numbers
• D) Hexadecimal codes

• A) Speed
• B) Accuracy
• C) Diligence
• D) Independence

• A) Word processing
• B) Real-time measurement of varying parameters
• C) Storing large volumes of data
• D) Playing video games

• A) Versatility
• B) Storage capability
• C) Diligence
• D) Speed

• A) To process
• B) To calculate
• C) To store
• D) To display

• A) Secondary memory
• B) Compact disks
• C) Primary memory
• D) Floppy disks

• A) Desktop computer
• B) Laptop
• C) Slide rule
• D) Tablet

• A) Ability to perform calculations rapidly
• B) Capability to perform diverse tasks effortlessly
• C) Capacity to store large amounts of data
• D) Precision in calculations

• A) Digital computer
• B) Hybrid computer
• C) Quantum computer
• D) Analogue computer

1.1.2 - History and Evolution.

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• A) Napier's Bones
• B) Slide Rule
• C) ABACUS
• D) Pascal's Adding Machine

• A) Addition and subtraction
• B) Multiplication
• C) Division
• D) Complex mathematical calculations

• A) Blaise Pascal, 17th century
• B) Gottfried Leibniz, 18th century
• C) John Napier, 16th century
• D) Edmund Gunter, 16th century

• A) Napier's Bones
• B) Punch Card System
• C) ABACUS
• D) Adding and Subtraction Machine

• A) Counting large numbers
• B) Performing addition and subtraction
• C) Performing multiplication and division
• D) Processing information from punched cards

• A) Controlling power looms
• B) Simple arithmetic operations
• C) Complex mathematical calculations
• D) Data storage

• A) John Napier, for inventing Napier's Bones
• B) Charles Babbage, for developing the analytical engine
• C) Herman Hollerith, for creating the punched card tabulating machine
• D) Blaise Pascal, for inventing the adding and subtraction machine

• A) Multiplication and division
• B) Electronic processing of information from punched cards
• C) Simple counting operations
• D) Control of power looms

• A) The use of gears and wheels
• B) The concept of electronic processing
• C) The foundation for the binary system (0s and 1s)
• D) The use of continuous data representation

• A) ABACUS
• B) Slide Rule
• C) Difference Engine
• D) Analytical Engine

1.1.3 - Generation Of Computers.

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• A) First Generation
• B) Second Generation
• C) Third Generation
• D) Fifth Generation

• A) Use of vacuum tubes
• B) Integration of transistors
• C) Implementation of microprocessors
• D) Use of magnetic core memory

• A) Circuits with multiple transistors and resistors integrated on a single chip
• B) Large-sized vacuum tubes
• C) Basic integrated circuits with minimal components
• D) Advanced networking technologies

• A) RAM
• B) ROM
• C) PROM
• D) Magnetic Drum Memory

• A) First Generation
• B) Second Generation
• C) Third Generation
• D) Fourth Generation

• A) Development of high-level programming languages like BASIC
• B) Introduction of assembly language programming
• C) Use of integrated circuits
• D) Utilization of Very Large Integrated Circuits (VLICs)

• A) ROM
• B) RAM
• C) PROM
• D) Magnetic Drum Memory

• A) To improve the efficiency of magnetic core memory
• B) To provide easier programming options compared to machine code
• C) To enhance the use of punch cards
• D) To develop integrated circuits

• A) First Generation
• B) Second Generation
• C) Third Generation
• D) Fourth Generation

• A) They use only vacuum tubes for circuitry.
• B) They are designed to process billions of instructions per second.
• C) They are large, room-sized machines.
• D) They rely solely on punch cards for data input.

1.1.4 - Classification of Computers.

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• A) They use discrete signals to represent data.
• B) They operate with continuous electrical signals.
• C) They store data in binary form.
• D) They are designed for precise and accurate computations.

• A) Digital Computer
• B) Analog Computer
• C) Hybrid Computer
• D) Mainframe Computer

• A) Faster computation of analog data
• B) Better accuracy and reliability in processing data
• C) Ability to handle continuous signals directly
• D) More suitable for solving differential equations

• A) High output resistance
• B) Infinite voltage gain
• C) Limited input resistance
• D) Low-speed processing

• A) It is designed for specific tasks only.
• B) It is versatile and can perform multiple tasks.
• C) It is typically used for data storage.
• D) It is designed to be more expensive.

• A) Performing specific scientific simulations
• B) Processing large financial transactions
• C) Running various software applications for diverse tasks
• D) Measuring heartbeat in medical applications

• A) Mainframe Computer
• B) Microcomputer
• C) Supercomputer
• D) Mini Computer

• A) More powerful than mainframes
• B) Less powerful than microcomputers
• C) Capable of supporting multiple users simultaneously
• D) Designed for personal use only

• A) Small physical size and portability
• B) Ability to handle millions of records in a day
• C) High speed of personal data processing
• D) Use of multiple microprocessors for single-task execution

• A) Simple office tasks
• B) Home entertainment systems
• C) Complex scientific calculations and simulations
• D) Basic data entry tasks

1.1.5 - Application of Computers.

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• A) High processing speed
• B) Use of pipelining and parallelism
• C) High cost and large physical size
• D) Limited to performing a small number of tasks at a time

• A) To exclusively use digital data for processing
• B) To integrate both analog and digital processing features
• C) To handle large-scale commercial transactions
• D) To perform basic arithmetic operations only

• A) For conducting physical fitness assessments
• B) For creating lecture notes, presentations, and administering online tests
• C) For cooking and food preparation
• D) For managing and maintaining physical libraries

• A) By improving physical fitness
• B) By enabling users to download movies, play games, and create music
• C) By managing office supplies
• D) By designing and manufacturing sports equipment

• A) They help in cooking and food preparation for athletes.
• B) They are used to watch games, view scores, and train players.
• C) They are primarily used for weather forecasting.
• D) They assist in designing sports uniforms.

• A) By managing physical store inventories
• B) By displaying advertisements on websites and facilitating email campaigns
• C) By designing and manufacturing advertising billboards
• D) By conducting market research personally

• A) By manually keeping track of medical records
• B) By storing patients' medical histories and assisting in surgeries
• C) By manufacturing medical equipment
• D) By providing physical therapy

• A) Designing kitchen appliances
• B) Performing complex scientific computations and simulations
• C) Managing human resources
• D) Conducting physical fitness assessments

• A) By organizing physical meetings
• B) By providing e-governance services and managing departmental websites
• C) By conducting physical security checks
• D) By maintaining office supplies

• A) Only for managing physical paperwork
• B) For education, gaming, managing accounts, and controlling home appliances
• C) For maintaining physical security systems
• D) For designing and constructing home furniture

• A) Agriculture
• B) Banking and Finance
• C) Construction
• D) Textile Manufacturing

• A) By enhancing their physical strength
• B) By controlling functions in home theatre systems, food processors, and washing machines
• C) By manufacturing their physical components
• D) By designing their appearance

• A) By manually conducting criminal investigations
• B) By performing criminal searches and fingerprint matching
• C) By designing and constructing new police stations
• D) By organizing physical evidence storage

• A) Physical weather measurements
• B) Complex data analysis and prediction modeling
• C) Manual data recording
• D) Designing weather instruments

• A) By printing physical books and newspapers
• B) By facilitating online publishing and managing digital content
• C) By manually editing written content
• D) By organizing book fairs

1.1.6 - Capabilities and Limitations of Computers.

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• A) The time a computer system takes to execute a task
• B) The physical size of the computer system
• C) The number of users accessing the computer system simultaneously
• D) The amount of storage space available in the computer system

• A) Data Transfer Rate (DTR)
• B) Million Instructions per Second (MIPS)
• C) Operations per Minute (OPM)
• D) Processor Speed Index (PSI)

• A) The number of users
• B) The physical location of the computer
• C) The precision in calculations and task performance
• D) The computer's physical design

• A) By using manual data entry
• B) By implementing backup facilities
• C) By reducing the number of users
• D) By limiting the storage capacity

• A) By increasing the physical size of the computer
• B) By allowing immediate data access and retaining large amounts of data
• C) By limiting the number of calculations per second
• D) By reducing the need for backup facilities

• A) They can perform tasks at high speeds
• B) They lack the ability to reason and make nuanced judgments
• C) They can store vast amounts of data
• D) They can perform repetitive tasks without fatigue

• A) They cannot perceive or autonomously deduce actions without programming
• B) They can perform complex tasks without any programming
• C) They have an inherent ability to adapt to unforeseen circumstances
• D) They are equipped with advanced decision-making capabilities

• A) They can follow predetermined procedures but lack nuanced decision-making abilities
• B) They can make decisions based on context-specific information
• C) They have an inherent ability to adapt and respond to new situations
• D) They can independently create new algorithms for decision-making

• A) Speed
• B) Accuracy
• C) Common Sense
• D) Reliability

• A) High speed of processing
• B) Poor programming and erroneous data
• C) Extensive data storage
• D) Reliable task performance

• A) By performing tasks with high speed
• B) By minimizing errors in hardware
• C) By detecting and correcting errors autonomously
• D) By requiring human intervention for error detection

• A) High data retrieval speed
• B) Extensive storage capabilities
• C) Compact physical footprint
• D) Limited capacity for data retention

1.1.7 - Components of Computer System.

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• A) Hardware, Software, Data, Users
• B) Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer
• C) CPU, Memory, Disk, Network
• D) Input, Process, Output, Storage

• A) The collection of programs and applications
• B) The physical components of the computer
• C) The data that is processed
• D) The users who operate the computer

• A) Control Unit (CU)
• B) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• C) Memory Unit
• D) Input/Output Unit

• A) To execute arithmetic operations
• B) To manage the input and output devices
• C) To retrieve and decode instructions from memory
• D) To store data temporarily during processing

• A) To manage the computer hardware and interact with application software
• B) To perform specific tasks for the user, like word processing
• C) To create and edit multimedia content
• D) To store user data and applications

• A) System software
• B) Application software
• C) Hardware drivers
• D) Operating systems

• A) Only in quantitative form
• B) Only in qualitative form
• C) In both quantitative and qualitative forms
• D) Only as text files

• A) Byte
• B) Kilobyte
• C) Megabyte
• D) Gigabyte

• A) Only the individuals who design computer hardware
• B) Only the individuals who create software
• C) Both the individuals who use computer systems and those who design them
• D) Only the professionals working in computer system development

• A) Input-Process-Output
• B) Data Management Cycle
• C) System Software Operations
• D) Computer Hardware Functions

• A) Processing data to generate output
• B) Storing data for future retrieval
• C) Receiving data from the user via input devices
• D) Displaying the processed data to the user

• A) Output Unit
• B) Memory Unit
• C) Input Unit
• D) CPU

• A) It handles arithmetic and logic operations
• B) It temporarily stores data, instructions, and intermediate results
• C) It manages input and output operations
• D) It stores data permanently for future retrieval

• A) Input/Output (I/O) Unit
• B) CPU
• C) Memory Unit
• D) System Software

• A) Qualitative Data
• B) Quantitative Data
• C) Textual Data
• D) Graphic Data

• A) Accepting data from the user
• B) Storing data on secondary storage media
• C) Displaying the processed data to the user
• D) Processing data to generate results

• A) To transform data into a format understandable by the computer
• B) To process arithmetic and logic operations
• C) To present processed data in an understandable format
• D) To temporarily store data and instructions

1.1.8 - CPU Control Unit and ALU.

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• A) Physical layout of hardware components
• B) Fundamental properties and connectivity of hardware components
• C) Design of software applications
• D) User interface design

• A) Software design
• B) Achieving specific performance and function goals
• C) Arrangement and design of hardware components
• D) Data storage formats

• A) Cost
• B) Physical dimensions
• C) Technology employed
• D) User preferences

• A) Managing external devices
• B) Processing data and managing system components
• C) Storing data permanently
• D) Displaying information on the screen

• A) Fetching
• B) Decoding
• C) Transmitting
• D) Executing

• A) Performs arithmetic operations
• B) Carries out logical operations
• C) Regulates data flow and manages execution order
• D) Stores data

• A) Logical operations
• B) Memory management
• C) Arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction
• D) Data transmission

• A) Data storage
• B) Input/output operations
• C) Logical operations like comparison and shifting
• D) Network communication

• A) ROM
• B) RAM
• C) Cache
• D) Hard Disk

• A) Main Memory
• B) Secondary Cache (L2)
• C) Primary Cache (L1)
• D) Hard Disk Cache

• A) Storing arithmetic results
• B) Keeping track of the next instruction to execute
• C) Holding intermediate logical operations
• D) Managing memory addresses

• A) Direct memory communication
• B) Interface unit-based communication
• C) Wireless communication
• D) Serial communication

• A) Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
• B) Memory Data Register (MDR)
• C) Instruction Register (IR)
• D) Memory Address Register (MAR)

• A) Using the address bus to load the address into MAR and sending a READ signal
• B) Using the data bus to load data directly
• C) Using wireless signals to communicate with memory
• D) Directly accessing hard disk for data

• A) CPU sends data to input devices
• B) Data is read from memory into the processor
• C) CPU writes data to an output device through the data register
• D) Data is transmitted over the internet

• A) It stores data permanently
• B) It manages the processor's arithmetic operations
• C) It translates CPU control commands for device controllers
• D) It controls the computer's power supply

• A) The speed of the CPU
• B) The availability of data in the data register
• C) The completion of arithmetic operations
• D) The amount of available memory

• A) Main memory
• B) Arithmetic Unit
• C) Interface unit
• D) Logic Unit

• A) On the motherboard
• B) Inside the CPU
• C) In the RAM
• D) In the hard disk

• A) RAM
• B) Secondary Cache (L2 Cache)
• C) Register
• D) Arithmetic Unit

1.1.9 - I/O Devices.

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• A) Output unit
• B) Input unit
• C) Storage unit
• D) Processing unit

• A) To receive and send processed data to output devices
• B) To convert input data into a machine-readable format
• C) To provide data for processing by other computer components
• D) To store input data

• A) Keyboard
• B) Mouse
• C) Printer
• D) Scanner

• A) Transforms processed data into a human-readable format
• B) Converts input data into a format that the computer can understand
• C) Sends data to the output device
• D) Stores data for later use

• A) Mouse
• B) Joystick
• C) Digitising tablet
• D) Keyboard

• A) Physical mouse
• B) Trackball
• C) Optical mouse
• D) Joystick

• A) To input text data
• B) To control the cursor and perform actions on the screen
• C) To input graphical data for design
• D) To regulate the speed of the cursor in video games

• A) Keyboard
• B) Joystick
• C) Scanner
• D) Trackball

• A) It replaces a mouse and controls the pointer on the screen
• B) It inputs text and numeric data
• C) It records voice data
• D) It displays output data

• A) Keyboard
• B) Optical mouse
• C) Digitising tablet
• D) Trackball

• A) Capturing video
• B) Selecting objects on the screen
• C) Recording audio
• D) Scanning barcodes

• A) By detecting changes in temperature
• B) By measuring sound waves
• C) By interrupting an infrared beam
• D) By detecting changes in pressure

• A) Video input device
• B) Optical input device
• C) Audio input device
• D) Barcode reader

• A) Barcode reader
• B) Scanner
• C) Digital camera
• D) Light pen

• A) To convert printed text into digital text
• B) To detect magnetic ink on cheques
• C) To scan barcodes
• D) To capture video footage

• A) OCR
• B) MICR
• C) OMR
• D) Barcode reader

• A) Printed text
• B) Audio signals
• C) Marks on paper
• D) Barcodes

• A) Microphone
• B) Scanner
• C) Webcam
• D) Barcode reader

• A) Optical character reader
• B) Hand-held scanner
• C) Barcode reader
• D) Touch screen

• A) Video camera
• B) Digital camera
• C) Scanner
• D) Touch screen

• A) Monitor
• B) Printer
• C) Speaker
• D) Projector

• A) Lower cost
• B) Higher resolution and faster printing speed
• C) Capability to print in multiple colors
• D) Portability

• A) Dot matrix printer
• B) Daisy wheel printer
• C) Inkjet printer
• D) Laser printer

• A) Flatbed plotter
• B) Drum plotter
• C) Laser plotter
• D) Inkjet plotter

• A) Monitor
• B) Projector
• C) Plotter
• D) Microfiche reader

• A) To project images
• B) To print text
• C) To store data in a compact, durable format
• D) To display visual content on a screen

• A) Monitor
• B) Printer
• C) Speaker
• D) Plotter

• A) Monochrome monitor
• B) CGA monitor
• C) SVGA monitor
• D) VGA monitor

• A) Cathode Ray Tube
• B) Light Emitting Diode
• C) Liquid Crystal Display
• D) Electroluminescent Display

• A) Dumb terminal
• B) Smart terminal
• C) Intelligent terminal
• D) Visual Display Terminal

1.1.10 - Memory Unit: RAM, ROM, EPROM AND PROM.

• A) Primary and Secondary Memory
• B) RAM and ROM
• C) Cache and Main Memory
• D) DRAM and SRAM

• A) Primary memory
• B) Cache memory
• C) Secondary memory
• D) Virtual memory

• A) To store data temporarily while the computer is in operation
• B) To speed up data access between the CPU and RAM
• C) To permanently store system files
• D) To provide a backup for main memory

• A) On the hard disk
• B) On the motherboard, between the CPU and RAM
• C) Inside the RAM chips
• D) Within the power supply unit

• A) L1 and L2 only
• B) L2 and L3 only
• C) L1, L2, and sometimes L3
• D) Only L3

• A) 1 MB to 16 MB
• B) 256 KB to 2 MB
• C) 4 GB to 16 GB
• D) 10 MB to 100 MB

• A) RAM is non-volatile and retains data when power is off
• B) RAM is used for permanent data storage
• C) RAM is volatile and loses data when power is off
• D) RAM only stores the operating system

• A) To store temporary files
• B) To provide quick access to frequently used data
• C) To store firmware and boot-up instructions
• D) To act as a substitute for RAM

• A) PROM
• B) EPROM
• C) EEPROM
• D) Flash memory

• A) EEPROM can be rewritten electronically without removal from the computer
• B) EEPROM is faster than DRAM
• C) EEPROM uses magnetic storage
• D) EEPROM is only used for storing BIOS

• A) SRAM
• B) DRAM
• C) Flash memory
• D) ROM

• A) DRAM
• B) SRAM
• C) PROM
• D) Flash memory

• A) To provide volatile storage
• B) To store BIOS and firmware permanently
• C) For fast, non-volatile data storage in portable devices
• D) As the main memory in desktop computers

• A) To check the system for viruses
• B) To verify hardware components are functioning properly
• C) To load the operating system into RAM
• D) To reset all system configurations

• A) DRAM
• B) Cache memory
• C) ROM
• D) Secondary memory

1.1.11 - Flash Memory and Other Types of Memory.

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• A) Temporary data storage
• B) Persistent storage that retains data without power
• C) Random access memory
• D) External memory only

• A) RAM
• B) DRAM
• C) EEPROM
• D) ROM

• A) It excels at sequential data access.
• B) It is faster for random data access than NAND Flash.
• C) It is primarily used for large data storage.
• D) It is not used in embedded systems.

• A) High-speed random access
• B) Efficient for large data storage
• C) Erases data at the byte level
• D) Uses a parallel connection for memory cells

• A) The method of manufacturing the memory cells
• B) The way memory cells are connected, resembling NOR or NAND logic gates
• C) The speed of data access
• D) The capacity of data storage

• A) CD-ROMs
• B) SSDs and USB drives
• C) Magnetic tape drives
• D) Floppy disks

• A) USB and HDMI
• B) I2C and SPI
• C) SATA and IDE
• D) Ethernet and Wi-Fi

• A) SSDs have moving parts that provide better performance.
• B) SSDs are less durable than HDDs.
• C) SSDs offer faster data access and transfer speeds.
• D) SSDs use magnetic storage for higher capacity.

• A) NAND Flash
• B) NOR Flash
• C) DRAM
• D) SRAM

• A) CD-ROM
• B) DVD-R
• C) CD-RW
• D) DVD-ROM

• A) Flash memory
• B) ROM
• C) RAM
• D) SSD

• A) 700 MB
• B) 4.7 GB
• C) 9.4 GB
• D) 17 GB

• A) SSD
• B) USB flash drive
• C) HDD
• D) CD-ROM

• A) Volatile memory
• B) Flash memory
• C) Optical memory
• D) Secondary storage

• A) Optical discs have faster random access speed.
• B) Optical discs use laser technology for reading data.
• C) Optical discs have moving parts.
• D) Optical discs use magnetic fields to store data.

• A) Writing data multiple times
• B) Read-only storage for software and data distribution
• C) Storing operating systems
• D) Temporary storage of computer data

• A) They are only used for reading data.
• B) They are obsolete and have been replaced by CD-RW and DVD-R.
• C) They use a magnetic field to read data.
• D) They are commonly used in modern computers.

• A) Microcomputers
• B) Minicomputers
• C) Mainframe computers
• D) Supercomputers

• A) Use of vacuum tubes
• B) Use of microprocessors
• C) Ability to learn and self-organize
• D) High power consumption

• A) First generation
• B) Second generation
• C) Third generation
• D) Fourth generation

• A) Vacuum tubes
• B) Transistors
• C) Integrated Circuits (ICs)
• D) Microprocessors

• A) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
• B) Electronically Erasable Permanent Read-Only Memory
• C) Electrically Erasable Programmed Read-Only Memory
• D) Electronically Erased Programmable Read-Only Memory

• A) Long-term data storage
• B) Enhancing processing speed by storing frequently accessed data
• C) Storing software programs
• D) Permanent data storage

• A) ROM
• B) Flash memory
• C) RAM
• D) SSD

• A) SSDs use magnetic fields to store data.
• B) SSDs are typically slower than HDDs.
• C) SSDs have no moving parts and use Flash memory.
• D) SSDs are mainly used in optical storage.