2.3 - Operators.

2.3.1 - Introduction to Operators.

• A) `+`
• B) `x++`
• C) `x + y`
• D) `x - y`

• A) `x = 5, y = 5`
• B) `x = 6, y = 5`
• C) `x = 5, y = 6`
• D) `x = 6, y = 6`

• A) After it is used in an expression
• B) Before it is used in an expression
• C) Only if `x` is even
• D) Only if `x` is odd

                #include <stdio.h>
                int main() {
                    int x = 10, y = 20;
                    int p = ++x + ++y;
                    printf("%d\n", x);
                    printf("%d\n", y);
                    printf("%d\n", p);
                    return 0;
                }
                

• A) 10 20 30
• B) 11 21 32
• C) 10 20 32
• D) 11 21 30

• A) Decreases the value of `x` after it is used in the expression
• B) Increases the value of `x` after it is used in the expression
• C) Decreases the value of `x` before it is used in the expression
• D) Increases the value of `x` before it is used in the expression

• A) After it is used in the expression
• B) Before it is used in the expression
• C) It does not increment the value
• D) Immediately when the program runs

                #include <stdio.h>
                int main() {
                    int x = 10, y = 20;
                    int p = x++ + y++;
                    printf("%d\n", p);
                    return 0;
                }
                

• A) 30
• B) 31
• C) 32
• D) 33

• A) Decreases `x` before it is used in the expression
• B) Increases `x` after it is used in the expression
• C) Decreases `x` after it is used in the expression
• D) Increases `x` before it is used in the expression

                #include <stdio.h>
                int main() {
                    int a = 10, b = 100;
                    float c = 10.5, d = 100.5;
                    printf("++a = %d \n", ++a);
                    printf("--b = %d \n", --b);
                    printf("++c = %f \n", ++c);
                    printf("--d = %f \n", --d);
                    return 0;
                }
                

• A) ++a = 10, --b = 100, ++c = 10.5, --d = 100.5
• B) ++a = 11, --b = 99, ++c = 11.5, --d = 99.5
• C) ++a = 11, --b = 99, ++c = 10.5, --d = 100.5
• D) ++a = 10, --b = 99, ++c = 11.5, --d = 99.5

• A) Unary operators work on two operands, while binary operators work on one
• B) Unary operators work on one operand, while binary operators work on two
• C) Unary operators are faster than binary operators
• D) Unary operators work only with integers

2.3.1 - Introduction to Operators.

• A) A symbol that stores a value
• B) A symbol that manipulates a value or variable
• C) A function that calculates a value
• D) A keyword that declares a variable

• A) +
• B) ++
• C) *
• D) ==

• A) The variable is used first, then incremented
• B) The variable is incremented first, then used
• C) The variable is incremented, but not used in the expression
• D) The variable is used, but not incremented

int x = 10, y = 20;
            int p = ++x + ++y;
            printf("%d\n", p);

• A) 30
• B) 31
• C) 32
• D) 33

• A) The variable is incremented by 1
• B) The variable is used first, then decremented by 1
• C) The variable is decremented first, then used
• D) The variable remains unchanged

int x = 10, y = 20;
            int p = --x - --y;
            printf("%d\n", p);

• A) 10
• B) -9
• C) -10
• D) -11

• A) The variable is used first, then incremented
• B) The variable is incremented first, then used
• C) The variable is decremented, then used
• D) The variable is decremented, but not used

int x = 10, y = 20;
            int p = x++ + y++;
            printf("%d\n", p);

• A) 30
• B) 31
• C) 32
• D) 33

• A) Before its value is used in the statement
• B) After its value is used in the statement
• C) It is not decremented
• D) During the execution of the statement

int x = 10, y = 20;
            int p = x-- - y--;
            printf("%d\n", p);

• A) 10
• B) -9
• C) -10
• D) -11

• A) ++
• B) ==
• C) +
• D) --

int a = 10, b = 100;
            float c = 10.5, d = 100.5;
            printf("++a = %d \n", ++a);
            printf("--b = %d \n", --b);
            printf("++c = %f \n", ++c);
            printf("--d = %f \n", --d);

• A) 11, 99, 11.5, 99.5
• B) 10, 100, 10.5, 100.5
• C) 11, 101, 11.5, 101.5
• D) 10, 100, 10.5, 100.5

2.3.2 - Arithmatic, Relatiional, Logical, Assignment and Operators.

• A) *
• B) +
• C) -
• D) /

• A) 2
• B) 3
• C) 1
• D) 0

• A) +
• B) *
• C) /
• D) %

• A) 2.25
• B) 2
• C) 3
• D) 1

• A) %
• B) /
• C) *
• D) -

• A) !=
• B) ==
• C) >
• D) <

• A) ==
• B) !=
• C) >
• D) <

• A) ==
• B) >
• C) <
• D) !=

• A) ==
• B) >
• C) <
• D) >=

• A) If the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand
• B) If the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand
• C) If the left operand is greater than the right operand
• D) If the left operand is less than the right operand

• A) If the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand
• B) If the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand
• C) If the left operand is greater than the right operand
• D) If the left operand is less than the right operand

                printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, b, a == b); 
                

• A) 5 == 5 is 1
• B) 5 == 5 is 0
• C) 5 == 5 is true
• D) 5 == 5 is false

• A) &&
• B) ||
• C) !
• D) !=

• A) &&
• B) ||
• C) !
• D) ==

• A) &&
• B) ||
• C) !
• D) !=

• A) 0
• B) 1
• C) 5
• D) 10

• A) 0
• B) 1
• C) 5
• D) 10

• A) 0
• B) 1
• C) 5
• D) 10

• A) -=
• B) +=
• C) *=
• D) /=

• A) -=
• B) +=
• C) *=
• D) /=

• A) -=
• B) +=
• C) *=
• D) /=

                int a = 5, c; 
                c = a; 
                c += a; 
                printf("%d", c);
                

• A) 5
• B) 10
• C) 25
• D) 0

• A) /=
• B) +=
• C) %=
• D) *=

• A) %=
• B) /=
• C) *=
• D) +=

                int a = 5, c; 
                c = a; 
                c %= a; 
                printf("%d", c);
                

• A) 5
• B) 0
• C) 25
• D) 10

2.3.3 - Bitwise, Conditional and Miscellanous Operators.

• A) |
• B) ^
• C) &
• D) ~

     #include 

     int main() {
         int a = 12, b = 25;
         printf("Output = %d", a & b);
         return 0;
     }
                

• A) 37
• B) 8
• C) 12
• D) 25

• A) Sets bits that are 1 in either operand
• B) Clears bits that are 0 in both operands
• C) Inverts all bits
• D) Shifts bits to the right

                #include 
            
                int main() {
                    int a = 12, b = 25;
                    printf("Output = %d", a | b);
                    return 0;
                }
                

• A) 8
• B) 37
• C) 25
• D) 12

• A) &
• B) |
• C) ^
• D) ~

        #include 
    
        int main() {
            int a = 12, b = 25;
            printf("Output = %d", a ^ b);
            return 0;
        }
                

• A) 1
• B) 37
• C) 21
• D) 25

• A) >>
• B) <<
• C) &
• D) ^

• A) >>
• B) <<
• C) &
• D) ^

#include 
int main() {
    int num = 212, i;
    for (i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) {
        printf("Right shift by %d: %d\n", i, num >> i);
    }
    return 0;
}
                

• A) 212, 106, 53
• B) 0, 1, 2
• C) 1, 2, 4
• D) 106, 53, 26

#include 
int main() {
    int num = 212, i;
    for (i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) {
        printf("Left shift by %d: %d\n", i, num << i);
    }
    return 0;
}
                

• A) 212, 424, 848
• B) 0, 1, 2
• C) 848, 424, 212
• D) 53, 106, 212

• A) &
• B) |
• C) ^
• D) ~

                #include 
            
                int main() {
                    printf("Output = %d\n", ~35);
                    printf("Output = %d\n", ~-12);
                    return 0;
                }
                

• A) -36, 11
• B) 35, -12
• C) 36, 12
• D) -35, 12

• A) Comparing three numbers
• B) Repeating a block of code
• C) Making decisions between two values based on a condition
• D) Swapping values between two variables

#include 
int main() {
    int age;
    printf("Enter your age: ");
    scanf("%d", &age);
    (age >= 18) ? printf("You can vote") :
     printf("You cannot vote");
    return 0;
}
                

• A) You can vote
• B) You cannot vote
• C) Error
• D) Depends on the input

• A) *
• B) &
• C) sizeof
• D) ~

 #include 
 int main() {
     int a = 5;
     printf("Size of a = %lu\n", sizeof(a));
     return 0;
 }
                

• A) 2
• B) 4
• C) 8
• D) 1

• A) Returns the size of the variable
• B) Returns the value stored in the variable
• C) Returns the address of the variable
• D) Inverts all the bits of the variable

• A) &
• B) *
• C) sizeof
• D) ^

 #include 
 void main() {
     int i = 5;
     int *ptr;
     ptr = &i;
     printf("Value of *ptr is %d.\n", *ptr);
 }
                

• A) 5
• B) Address of i
• C) 0
• D) Undefined

2.3.4 - Operators Precedence and Associativity.